It is possible for the topology to be non-trivial, but afaik we don’t know for sure; if the universe does loop back on itself, then it would be on large length scales that we can’t measure. We are fairly confident the universe is flat (has 0 curvature) at least. Note that this means that the universe probably doesn’t literally look like a donut: physical donuts have curvature, whereas topological tori need not have curvature. This is because a donut is a 2-torus embedded in 3D space, which isn’t equivalent to 2D space having the same topology as a 2-torus. A simple analogy for those who aren’t aware: an example of a 2D universe with non-trivial topology but flat geometry is a Pac-Man level, which is essentially a flat 2-torus. The curvature is flat everywhere, but it loops back on itself at the edges. Answer from cdstephens on reddit.com
The Awakening Coach
The Toroidal Universe - A geometric theory of space-time
August 20, 2025 - The Toroidal Universe theory proposes that the universe is expanding unevenly because space-time dynamically flows with the geometry of a torus.
Videos
March 23, 2016
May 8, 2018
ResearchGate
(PDF) A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF A TOROIDAL UNIVERSE
January 1, 2022 - that the universe is self-contained and finite; that dark energy (theorized as being responsible · for the expansion of the universe) may not be required, unless it forms part of an internal · confinement mechanism; and that the ‘cosmological ...
Preprints.org
The Hyper-Torus Universe Model—A New Paradigm for Understanding Reality[v1] | Preprints.org
June 11, 2024 - Dark Matter and Dark Energy: The ... energy in the universe’s evolution [202,256]. The Hyper-Torus Universe Model (HTUM) seeks to address these limitations by proposing a four-dimensional toroidal structure of the universe [152,158]. This model integrates the Big Bang and ...
ESO Supernova
The toroidal Universe | ESO Supernova
This is a representation of the hypothesised toroidal Universe, or "donut theory" of the Universe. Such a Universe cannot really be visualised this way, as donuts have two dimensional surfaces, and the proposed toroidal Universe would be curved not just through space, but through spacetime.
ScienceDirect
Spinning toroidal brane cosmology; A classical and quantum survey - ScienceDirect
November 26, 2019 - We construct a cosmological model based on a free particle model which is constrained on an embedded toroidal brane, with a general rotation around a specific axis in the bulk space.
YouTube
William Brown: Toroidal Geometry Of The Universe - YouTube
02:29
Clip from Faculty Q&A SessionJoin the Resonance Academy: https://academy.resonance.isThe Resonance Science Foundation: https://resonance.is/
Published: June 6, 2018
YouTube
The Universe Could Be a 3D Donut and Not Infinite Study Suggests - YouTube
13:33
Good telescope that I've used to learn the basics: https://amzn.to/35r1jAkGet a Wonderful Person shirt: https://teespring.com/stores/whatdamathAlternatively,...
Published: July 26, 2021
arXiv
[2508.08747] On quantum creation of a toroidal universe
August 21, 2025 - We consider the quantum creation of a universe with flat spatial sections and the topology of a 3-torus, taking into account the effect of Casimir energy. We show that the corresponding instantons are singular.
Sciety
The Hyper-Torus Universe Model—A New Paradigm for Understanding Reality | Sciety
The Hyper-Torus Universe Model (HTUM) proposes a novel framework to unify quantum mechanics, cosmology, and consciousness. This paper introduces HTUM's core concept: a higher-dimensional hyper-torus encompassing all possible states of existence.
Medium
Torus flow, AI completionism, and the edging of the universe 🌠 | by Ariel Meadow Stallings | Medium
December 31, 2024 - This is a torus field. Image courtesy of The Toroidal Universe. Here’s my working theory: god replicates itself through pleasure. To be clear, I’m a nondualist (not a theist) so I think of god as physics and chemistry and biology. And when I talk about pleasure, I don’t necessarily mean ...
ResearchGate
(PDF) The Hyper-Torus Universe Model—A New Paradigm for Understanding Reality
June 16, 2024 - an emergent property arising from the causal relationships within the universe’s toroidal structure [ ... ]. This perspective on time has profound implications for our understanding of causality, the nature · of reality, and the unification of quantum mechanics and gravity. By viewing time as an intrinsic · property of the universe’s structure, the HTUM opens up new possibilities for addressing the apparent · incompatibility between these fundamental theories and provides a framework for exploring the
Nipne
Nipne
Official web portal for Romanian Journal of Physics, a peer-reviewed scientific open journal of Romanian Academy Publishing House with 10 issues each year.
VICE
The Universe Is a Giant Donut That We Live Inside, New Research Suggests
August 9, 2024 - The idea that the universe has a 3D torus shape ties in to some pretty far-out stuff, like the CIA’s 1980s Gateway report on psychic phenomena.
ResearchGate
(A) Torus as a dynamic model for the recreation (rebirth) of our... | Download Scientific Diagram
Download scientific diagram | (A) Torus as a dynamic model for the recreation (rebirth) of our Universe from a wormhole structure, connecting an ultimate black hole (collecting and compressing all information) with a white hole (transmission and unfolding of information into a new version of the universe, see Meijer and Geesink, 2017; (B) Torus dynamics allow a twisted knotting into a 4-D space aspect of reality, C: Cartoon of Calabi-Yau manifold model of a multi-dimensional space (D) formation of various types of torus information knots, that may represent standing waves or attractors in the
YouTube
Universe form - Torus - YouTube
29:45
Animation is created by Bright Side.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Music by Epidemic Sound https://w...
Published: January 27, 2023
Reddit
r/AskPhysics on Reddit: If the universe was toroidal, where would the hole be?
July 20, 2020 - The idea that the 'universe is toroidal' has much more to do with topology than with geometry (though obviously geometry plays an important role). Think of a video game, where when you cross the upper side of the screen you appear at the lower ...
Universe Space Tech
Universe is an endless hall of mirrors
May 22, 2024 - Scientists describe this effect as a “hall of mirrors”, where the lines of sight inside the 3-torus form closed loops that return to the observer, creating the impression of endless repetition.
UniGuide®
Torus in Sacred Geometry: Shape, Symbol & Spiritual Meanings
February 12, 2024 - Thus, this theory proposes that the Universe is simultaneously expanding and contracting in a closed loop – “stretching at the top where space-time emerges from the center of the torus, and contracting at the bottom where space-time flows ...
Quora
What's the general opinion in cosmology of the universe being torus shaped? - Quora
Answer (1 of 5): I just now answered a very similar question … well, not about any “general opinion,” but that the torus shape has been seriously suggested by some cosmologists — see: * Is the Universe likely to be shaped like a torus? * What is the shape of the Universe, and what is the 4th d...