2025 armed conflict in the Middle East
Factsheet
Iran–Israel war Part of the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present) and the Iran–Israel proxy conflict
Belligerents
Israel
United States Iran
Houthis
Iraq
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Qatar
France
Houthis
Iraq
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Qatar
France
Iran–Israel war Part of the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present) and the Iran–Israel proxy conflict
Belligerents
Israel
United States Iran
Houthis
Iraq
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Qatar
France
Houthis
Iraq
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Qatar
France
Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Iran–Israel_war
Iran–Israel war
6 days ago - Following reports – later denied ... in a 'bind', at 6:02 p.m. EDT on 23 June, Trump declared on social media that Iran and Israel had agreed to a ceasefire that would take effect the next day, labeling the conflict as the "12 Day War"....
War on the Rocks
warontherocks.com › 2025 › 10 › the-12-days-of-war-that-didnt-ignite-the-middle-east-or-the-world
The 12 Days of War That Didn’t Ignite the Middle East or the World
October 9, 2025 - For decades, predictions about a war with Iran carried an air of inevitability: Analysts warned a conflict would close the ranks of the Iranian military and political elite, unite the Iranian people behind the regime, unleash the vengeance Tehran foretold, set the Middle East ablaze, sending oil prices to the roof, and even ignite a world war. And yet, literally none of this happened. Instead, the 12-Day War pitting Israel, and later the United States, against Iran exposed just how brittle those assumptions were.
Foreign Policy Research Institute
fpri.org › articles › humiliation and transformation: the islamic republic after the 12-day war
The Islamic Republic After the 12-Day War
2 weeks ago - The 12-Day War between Iran and Israel in June 2025 exposed critical weaknesses in the Islamic Republic’s military, strategic, and ideological frameworks,
ACLED
acleddata.com › qa › qa-twelve-days-shook-region-inside-iran-israel-war
Q&A | Twelve days that shook the region: Inside the Iran-Israel war | ACLED
The scale and intensity of Israel’s attack on Iran were unprecedented, presenting the most severe security challenge the Islamic Republic has faced since the Iran-Iraq War. In total, Israel carried out nearly 360 attacks across 27 Iranian ...
Videos
07:18
Inside Iran's hunt for a Mossad network after its 12-day war with ...
05:13
Iran Finally Admits IDF 12 Day War 'Stunned & Shocked' Khamenei ...
11:11
How two years of war in Gaza changed the world - BBC World Service ...
39:58
Traitors, Spies and Bombs: The War Between Israel and Iran | Foreign ...
25:50
Iran and Israel Could Return to War Soon. - YouTube
Middle East Forum
meforum.org › mef-online › humiliation-and-transformation-the-islamic-republic-after-the-12-day-war
Humiliation and Transformation: The Islamic Republic After the 12-Day War - Middle East Forum
3 weeks ago - I argue that the conflict accelerated ... while leaving Iran vulnerable to future crises. The 12-Day War transformed a 45-year proxy struggle into direct confrontation....
President Donald Trump Announces End to What He Calls ‘The 12 Day War’ Between Israel and Iran
Better check back in two weeks. More on reddit.com
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June 23, 2025Decrease in Houthi missiles since the 12-day war?
It's not an issue of funding,more likely an issue of stock. The war depleted a significant amount of Iran's BM and it means that they can't resupply the Houthis the as before it but the Houthis can manufacture them domestically (in a lower quality,some even containing wood) so it's far from over. Even now,the assassination of the ministers is not such a great blow to the Houthis, which operate kinda like Iran, where they have a supreme leader and a council beanth him. So it isn't likely to stop the BM either. It's ammunition economics,not a strategic turn. The only real solution is a ground operation,likely by one of the opposition forces,but that is not on the table right now, it seems. Such an operation will: Have a political impact that can lodge the Houthis out of power. Physically threaten positions of power of the Houthis (like the ports). Shift their attention inwards and away from glory seeking by attacking Israel. More on reddit.com
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June 16, 2025Israeli drones entered Iran from Azerbaijan during 12-day war, lawmaker alleges
why would anybody believe what a biased corrupt politician from iran says about azerbaijan? it’d be like believing in russia saying it didn’t shoot down that plane in december last year More on reddit.com
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June 14, 202512-Day Israel-Iran War: Critical Military Lessons for Turkey
Iran would have faired better with an indigenous aerial fighter force as that would have complicated Israeli force packing with limited assets able to make the massive trek to Iran. They still would have been ground down eventually but the lack of any aerial opposition was a factor for sure. More on reddit.com
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May 29, 2025JINSA
jinsa.org › home › building on the win: u.s. strategy toward iran after the 12-day war
Building on the Win: U.S. Strategy Toward Iran After the 12-Day War - JINSA
October 16, 2025 - Years, even decades, of tensions over Iran’s nuclear program culminated in just 12 days in June. But though Israeli-U.S. operational excellence prevailed in battle, the question for Tehran and Jerusalem is when, not if, this war continues, and what its final verdict will be.
Brookings
brookings.edu › home › the road to the israel-iran war
The road to the Israel-Iran war | Brookings
September 16, 2025 - The 12-day exchange of Israeli, Iranian, and American strikes marked a dramatic widening and intensification of the conflicts that have roiled the Middle East for the last year and a half.
TRT World
trtworld.com › article › 334e2e1ae7a3
TRT World - How much did the 12-day war cost the US, Israel and Iran
June 26, 2025 - Like past Middle Eastern wars: the Arab-Israeli War in 1967 or the Yom Kippur War in 1973, the confrontation that began on June 13 was symbolic. Lasting 12 days, the war resonated numerically: Israel’s identity as a nation of twelve tribes, and Iran’s dominant Twelver Shia tradition, gave the number unusual cultural resonance.
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12 Day War Archive
12daywar.org
12 Day War Archive: Israel-Iran Conflict June 2025 | Complete Timeline
Official 12 Day War documentation: Israel-Iran conflict June 15-23, 2025. Revolutionary Guard operations, aerial combat, cyber warfare, Trump ceasefire announcement. Complete historical archive.
YouTube
youtube.com › watch
Iran-Israel 12-Day War: The Family Killed in the Crossfire - YouTube
In June, Israel attacked Iran’s nuclear facilities, defense systems and top military officials. Iran’s retaliation included ballistic missiles that struck ma...
Published September 29, 2025
European Leadership Network
europeanleadershipnetwork.org › commentary › israels-iran-options-after-the-12-day-war
Israel’s Iran options after the 12-day war | European Leadership Network
August 27, 2025 - Israel launched the 12-day war against the IRI with Trump’s full knowledge and permission. Any future attack would also need the consent of the Trump administration.. If Trump does sanction such an attack by Israel, the duration of the war will also depend on him.
European Union Institute for Security Studies
iss.europa.eu › publications › briefs › israel-and-iran-brink-preventing-next-war
Israel and Iran on the brink: Preventing the next war | European Union Institute for Security Studies
October 3, 2025 - The 12-day war of June 2025 marks a watershed moment: Israel, Iran and the United States demonstrated unprecedented willingness to engage in direct military confrontation. After Israel’s large-scale strikes inside Iran on 13 June broke the ...
Amnesty International
amnesty.org › latest › news › 2025 › 07 › iran israel iranian forces use of cluster munitions in 12 day war violated international humanitarian law
Iran/Israel: Iranian forces’ use of cluster munitions in ‘12 Day War’ violated international humanitarian law - Amnesty International
July 24, 2025 - The Iranian forces’ use of cluster munitions during the ‘12 Day War’ with Israel was a flagrant violation of international humanitarian law, Amnesty International said today. Last month, the Iranian forces fired ballistic missiles whose warheads contained submunitions into populated residential areas of Israel, in attacks endangering civilians.
Atlantic Council
atlanticcouncil.org › home › the big lessons from 12 days of war with iran
The big lessons from 12 days of war with Iran - Atlantic Council
June 24, 2025 - US President Donald Trump declared a conclusion to what he called the “12 Day War” less than a day after Iran retaliated against the US bombing of its nuclear facilities with a strike against a US military base in Qatar.
The Times of Israel
timesofisrael.com › home › another israel-iran war increasingly seen as just a matter of time, nyt reports
Another Israel-Iran war increasingly seen as just a matter of time, NYT reports | The Times of Israel
1 week ago - In preparation for the next war, Tehran has greatly increased its missile production, working around the clock in hopes of being able to “fire 2,000 at once to overwhelm Israeli defenses, not 500 over 12 days,” Ali Vaez, the Iran project director at the International Crisis Group, told the Times.
Al Jazeera
aljazeera.com › news › israel-iran conflict
Visualising 12 days of the Israel-Iran conflict | Israel-Iran conflict News | Al Jazeera
June 27, 2025 - An intense 12‑day conflict between Israel and Iran erupted on June 13, 2025, after Israel launched air strikes on Iranian military and nuclear sites, killing key nuclear scientists and military commanders.
The Hill
thehill.com › opinion › international › 5396744-iran-israel-war-middle-east
How the 12-day Israel-Iran war could rebuild the Middle East
July 14, 2025 - The “12-day war” between Iran and Israel, as coined by President Trump, may mark the closing chapter of Israel’s longest war. But the real victory won’t be measured by what was destroyed.
YouTube
youtube.com › watch
Iran-Israel 12-Day War - Kings and Generals Modern - YouTube
Play Supremacy World War 3 for FREE on PC, iOS, or Android: https://con.onelink.me/kZW6/KIGE007Receive a Unique Starter Pack with a value of USD 15, availabl...
Published August 7, 2025
Middle East Institute
mei.edu › publications › 12-day-israel-iran-war-chinas-response-and-its-implications
The 12-day Israel-Iran war: China’s response and its implications | Middle East Institute
The 12-day war between Israel and Iran was more than a regional flare-up. It was a pivotal moment that revealed the fault lines of emerging global power dynamics.
IISS
iiss.org › online-analysis › online-analysis › 2025 › 07 › how-12-days-have-changed-iran
How 12 days have changed Iran
While much has changed in the Middle East since the Israel-Iran conflict in June 2025, the regime in Tehran and its hostility towards Israel have not.