Fig. l is a schematic block diagram illustrating an embodiment biosensor with a plasmonic nano-antenna that is configured both to sense presence of a biomarker and to send a communication to a physically separate communication node using the same light emitted from the plasmonic nano-antenna.

December 1, 2013 - In contrast to lower frequencies, terahertz technology offers micro-or even nanoscale designs, paving the way for the implanted and wearable biosensors era · [8]. Additionally, using graphene in plasmonic-based antennas could result in more compact designs [9]. ...

The combination of analog beam-forming with optical nano-antenna arrays together with light-guiding hydrogel implants is studied to overcome the spreading loss and to increase the intra-body wireless communication distance.Expand

January 14, 2024 - One such instance emphasizes on the employement of dielectric dot radiators, represented by the optical dot antenna (ODA), as a flexible way for arranging electromagnetic properties, thereby supporting transmission and directivity within bull’s eye structures applicable to biosensors and nanophotonics [231]. Equally notable is the integration of plasmonic nanoantennas, manufactured by the indium-tin oxide (ITO) nanorod arrays, which, as an alternative to conventional plasmonic materials like gold and silver, avoid their inherent limitations—such as high loss and cost [234]. These examples are only a few out of many in the literature.

May 14, 2024 - The latter aspects are of fundamental relevance for a nanonetworking paradigm where biomedical applications were paramount [7]. On the other hand, electromagnetic communications in the nanoscale were studied given their higher capacity and wider applicability, also spurred in part by the advancement in miniaturized plasmonic antennas in the terahertz and optical ranges [8]. Hence, the concept of electromagnetic nanonetworks (the main focus of this manuscript) was born.

In the biomedical field, antennas integrated into implantable medical devices and biosensing platforms are explored. The article examines the use and fabrication of biocompatible materials for biomedical antennas by considering their applicability in biomedical environments. Performance analysis and characterization techniques for nanoscale antennas are presented, including calibration methods, radiation sample analysis, gain, efficiency, impedance matching and analysis of performance parameters in various typical application scenarios.

LSPR biosensors are based on localized surface plasmon (LSP) phenomena [85,86]. At the plasmon resonant frequency, the optical extinction of a nanoparticle become maximum, which is dependent on the adjacent medium’s refractive index and the nanoparticle’s size and shape.

July 26, 2024 - An array of metallic nanoparticles can diffract or concentrate the incident electromagnetic wave and behave as an antenna. In this paper, the effects of the inner sub-wavelength structure of nanoparticles are studied on the directivity of the ...

Nanonetworks are the enabling technology for unique applications, including intra-body health-monitoring and drug delivery systems. In this paper, metallic plasmonic nanoantennas for wireless optical communication in intra-body nanonetworks are modeled and analyzed.

Light incident on metallic nanoparticles can induce a collective motion of electrons that can lead to a strong amplification of the local electromagnetic field. As reviewed here, these plasmonic resonances have important applications in biosensing ...

June 22, 2020 - [2]. However, more challenging applications can be designed, for which the current single transmission between an implant and an external monitoring center would not be sufficient. ... ... Indeed, those frequencies require nano-devices and nano-antennas, which can not be developed by exploiting the classical metallic antenna technology.

January 17, 2022 - Nature Nanotechnology - This Review discusses the progresses in label-free nanophotonic biosensors based on photonic or dielectric surfaces and metasurfaces and highlights the challenges and...

April 20, 2022 - In this review, we summarize the most recent plasmonic nanobiosensors proposed for applications in biomedicine by considering the main fabrication techniques related to colloids, arrays, and flexible plasmonic substrates. Particular attention is given to their application in both inherent resonance-based biosensors and signal amplification-based biosensors.

An important area that can benefit from the advances of plasmonic doped semiconductors is surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which is a technique that spectrally analyzes the chemical and biological properties of analytes via deep interactions at the plasmonic surface level [130]. In [127], the authors demonstrate the use of an InAsSb antenna array deposited on gallium antimonide (GaSb) for SERS of vanillin (Figure 5b). The field enhancement concentrated around the corners of the nanoantennas is used as the main property for sensing.

May 19, 2023 - Small particles with a diameter of 20 ​nm can be detected using this configuration. The placement of a nanopore and nanoparticle in front of the metal antenna can change the spatial near-filed distribution of graphene plasmons and control ...

November 6, 2023 - This feature of nano-antenna can improve the sensitivity of the biosensor in biomedical applications. Table 5 Optimum characteristics of hexagonal-shaped graphene nano-antenna. ... A hexagonal-shaped graphene nanopatch antenna is designed and analyzed on silicon dioxide, zinc oxide and silicon dielectric substrates. Dispersive properties of graphene, such as permittivity and conductivity are studied using the Kubo model. The study demonstrates that graphene exhibits negative permittivity to support plasmon resonance at terahertz frequency.

July 1, 2008 - We then describe recent progress in three areas representing the most significant challenges: pushing sensitivity towards the single-molecule detection limit, combining LSPR with complementary molecular identification techniques such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and practical development of sensors and instrumentation for routine use and high-throughput detection. This review highlights several exceptionally promising research directions and discusses how diverse applications of plasmonic nanoparticles can be integrated in the near future.

Continuous physiologic monitoring would add greatly to both home and clinical medical treatment for chronic conditions. Implantable nanosensors are a promising platform for designing continuous mon...