In this review, we provide an overview on the selection, delivery and usage of intrabodies to visualize and monitor cellular antigens in living cells and organisms. Additionally, we summarize recent advances in the development of intrabodies as cellular biosensors and their application to manipulate disease-related cellular processes.

Intra-body transmission networks are proposed to be composed of nanostructured or micro-sized detectors placed within the body to monitor health and distribute drugs. Transplanted biosensors are the potential options for monitoring the body for the ...

We review the progress achieved during the recent five years in immunochemical biosensors (immunosensors) combined with nanoparticles for enhanced sensitivity. The initial part introduces antibodies as classic recognition elements. The optical sensing part describes fluorescent, luminescent, ...

April 9, 2024 - Recently, Chen et al. (2022b) developed a fluorescence biosensor based on magnetic Fe3O4-modified graphene oxide (MNPs@GO) for rapid and direct diagnosis of S. aureus. The biosensor employed aptamer-functionalized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) in combination with MNPs@GO.

August 24, 2025 - Nanoparticle-enabled portable biosensors provide rapid, non-invasive, and accurate detection of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.

The biosensor-integrated recovery device's (BIRD) collection efficiency is initially characterized using gold nanoparticles and fluorescent nanobeads suspended in buffer solution and plasma, followed by spiking intact HIV pseudovirus into the same media. We demonstrate a recovery rate of 55.0% for 100 nm diameter AuNP and HIV spiked into the buffer and 11.9% for 100 nm diameter FluoSpheres spiked in human plasma.

Nanoscale dimensional integration promotes the formulation of biosensors with simple and rapid detection of molecules along with the detection of single biomolecules where they can also be evaluated and analyzed critically. Nanomaterials are used for the manufacturing of nano-biosensors and the nanomaterials commonly used include nanoparticles, nanowires, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanorods, and quantum dots (QDs).

A number of biodevices have been fabricated for studies of blood gas, glucose/lactate/cholesterol, nucleic acid sequence analysis, proteins/peptides, combinatorial synthesis, toxicity monitoring, immunoassays, environment, defense, and forensic analysis. A biosensor for blood glucose monitoring has been successfully commercialized (Fig.

The capturing antibody is immobilized on the magnetic beads, while the detection antibodies are labeled with nanoparticles. In the presence of the analyte in solution, they form magneto-immunosandwiches as the scheme. In Figure 2c examples of label-free biosensing assay are presented.

June 4, 2020 - The use of nanomaterial-based biosensors can speed up the development of analytical methods for quantifying extracellular vesicles in a specific, highly reproducible, robust, fast and inexpensive way. Here we review the utility of extracellular vesicles as a novel type of liquid biopsies and the recent advances in nanoparticle-based biosensors for their analysis.

August 14, 2021 - Umar A, Singh K, Mehta S, Fouad H, Alothman O (2018) Highly sensitive enzyme-less glucose biosensor based on α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles.

April 22, 2021 - Herein, we develop a binary ratiometric nanoreporter (BiRN) that can specifically convert subtle pH variations involved in the endocytic events into digitised signal output, enabling the accurately quantifying of cellular internalisation without introducing extracellular contributions. Using BiRN technology, we find only 10.7–28.2% of accumulated nanoparticles are internalised into intracellular compartments with high heterogeneity within and between different tumour types.

September 7, 2023 - This review summarizes the development of biosensors made of NPssuch as noble metal NPs and metal oxide NPs, nanowires (NWs), nanorods (NRs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), quantum dots (QDs), and dendrimers and their recent advancement in biosensing technology with the expansion of nanotechnology.

controlled drug release and for the development of biosensors · and diagnostics. The amphiphilic nature allows them to · spontaneously form organized structures. They have been used · for the amplification of optical, electrochemical, and acoustic · signals. Hybrid nanoparticles composed of lipids and

Intra-body communication networks are designed to interconnect nano- or micro-sized sensors located inside the body for health monitoring and drug delivery. The most promising solutions are made of implanted nanosensors to timely monitor the ...

July 23, 2014 - This environmental dependency represents a great advantage for (bio)-analytics since the recognition event can result in a change of the oscillation frequency and therefore to a color change of the gold nanoparticles observable with bare eye. In this context, a wide series of efficient colorimetric biosensors were developed for DNA or oligonucleotide detection, or immunosensors (Reynolds et al., 2000; Oldenburg et al., 2002; Liu and Lu, 2004; Xu et al., 2009).

Furthermore, the use of nanomaterials in the construction of biosensors resulted in increasing of efficiency and sensitivity of these systems [16]. By designing the interaction between biological element and nanomaterial-based transducer, we can have biosensors by widely usage for the detection of biomolecules and disease diagnostics. These devices can detect patients physiological status at the moment and safety analyze the food and environmental samples for pesticides and water pollution quickly [17]. Several nanomaterials; such as nanorods, nanotubes, nanowires, thin films, and nanoparticles have been explored for biomedical applications due to their functional electrical and mechanical features for biomedical applications [18].