February 28, 2021 - Here and according to the obtained data, we suggest that the biofilm responses were mainly associated to indirect effects initiated by the overproduction of EPS by the diatom. This potentially increased the amount of carbon available for bacterial metabolism and further benefit to the diatom. However, the oxidized form of graphene was shown to strongly impact bacterial biomass.

July 1, 2026 - In this context, graphene-based coatings with controlled flake density and orientation have recently emerged as a novel approach to deactivate bacterial cells while remaining biocompatible with mammalian cells.29–31 However, studies have focused predominantly on early-stage bacterial interactions, often testing antimicrobial activity against non-biofilm-forming strains or after only 24 h of bacterial growth, a timeframe insufficient for the development of mature, three-dimensional biofilms. Furthermore, current understanding of the bactericidal activity of graphene is largely limited to its mechanical effects: membrane disruption by sharp flake edges.29–32 There remains a significant knowledge gap regarding the comprehensive mechanisms of action, including how such surfaces interact with bacterial cell membranes, intracellular components, and broader metabolic processes.

In fact, GNP clusters are likely to promote the membrane-piercing effect of exposed graphene particles, consequently affecting cell integrity [37,67]. It is hypothesized that the first layer of adhered cells is particularly affected by this dart-like effect, impairing the subsequent adhesion of cell layers, and, therefore, curbing long-term biofilm formation. Overall, these results corroborate the previously reported antibacterial and antifouling properties of graphene materials [32,51,75,76]. Figure 5 includes representative 3D images retrieved through OCT from biofilms formed by C. marina on PDMS (Figure 5a,b) and G5/PDMS (Figure 5c,d) at incubation days 21 (Figure 5a,c) and 42 (Figure 5b,d).

Over the years, many commercial coatings such as polyaniline have been employed to mitigate MIC [8]. However, graphene demonstrates significant toxic effects in biofilms formation and acts as a wide antibacterial agent against the majority of bacteria [9,10,11,12]. Studies on graphene interactions ...

Graphene nanocoating arrested the formation of cross-kingdom biofilm. C. albicans yeast did not switch to hyphae on graphene. Less hyphae on graphene had reduced bacterial anchoring and biofilm growth. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria failed to form ...

Here and according to the obtained data, we suggest that the biofilm responses were mainly associated to indirect effects initiated by the overproduction of EPS by the diatom. This potentially increased the amount of carbon available for bacterial metabolism and further benefit to the diatom. However, the oxidized form of graphene was shown to strongly impact bacterial biomass.

July 1, 2026 - These coatings inhibited biofilm formation through a multifaceted mechanism: (i) reducing bacterial colonization; (ii) mechanical disruption of bacterial membranes by nanoscale protrusions; (iii) modulating expression of the genes associated ...

October 24, 2022 - Less hyphae on graphene had reduced bacterial anchoring and biofilm growth. ... Antibiotic-resistant bacteria failed to form robust biofilm with Candida on GN. ... GN may reduce the need for long antimicrobial therapy and removal of infected implant.

We tested the effect of GO on biofilm formation and mature biofilm, highlighting the capability of GO to hinder microbial adhesion and penetrate the biofilm matrix. This effect is likely due to the strong capacity of GO to solubilize in different polymeric environments through specific interactions of polymers and proteins given its wide and carbon rich but hydrophilic surface (18, 33, 34); i.e., hydrogen bond interactions between carbonyl and hydroxyl groups abundant in polysaccharides and GO and π-π interactions between the DNA and RNA bases and graphenic domains in GO.

November 11, 2020 - The polyelectrolyte PDDA had a synergistic positive effect with rGO on power density by enhancing electron attraction by the anode, thus leading to more efficient EET. The polyelectrolyte also increased SSA and surface biocompatibility resulting in the quick formation of a stable electroactive biofilm. Graphene ...

We tested the effect of GO on biofilm formation and mature biofilm, highlighting the capability of GO to hinder microbial adhesion and penetrate the biofilm matrix. This effect is likely due to the strong capacity of GO to solubilize in different polymeric environments through specific interactions of polymers and proteins given its wide and carbon rich but hydrophilic surface (18, 33, 34); i.e., hydrogen bond interactions between carbonyl and hydroxyl groups abundant in polysaccharides and GO and π-π interactions between the DNA and RNA bases and graphenic domains in GO.

Our conclusion was that graphene-UA flakes effectively prevent planktonic growth and are even capable of decimating planktonic bacteria (CFU reduction by log10) within a 24-h period. Adhesion of bacterial cells and subsequent biofilm formation is one of the great challenges for biomedical ...

The graphene surface provides an effective barrier thereby preventing physical contact between the bacteria and underlying substrate to substantially suppress interaction, which is an essential requirement for the establishment of the biofilm.

August 30, 2021 - The increasing microbial resistance to traditional antimicrobial treatments motivates the search for new, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents and the development of new protective coatings on their basis. During the last years, graphene, graphene derivatives, and composites have been widely studied as antimicrobial agents for medical applications. The modification with other biologically active nanomaterials (predominantly metal nanoparticles and oxides) and combinations with polymers to obtain synergistic effect is a sustainable current trend. No report was found regarding total prevention of biofilm formation on graphene-based coatings and clinical application of coated medical devices.

August 1, 2025 - The crucial aspects of metal ... with graphene have been extensively understood at the molecular level in this review article. The molecular interplay between the various external stimuli, like pH, temperature, sound, mechanical stimuli, and different external factors, on biofilm regulation has been studied and accentuated in the paper. The effect of such external ...

November 16, 2015 - According to our theoretical and experimental results graphene coatings modify surface energy and electrostatic interactions with bacterial cells which determines an important reduction of bacterial adhesion, a relevant parameter involved in ...

November 10, 2020 - Multiple scientific publications are reporting that GMs have antibacterial effects. In parallel, a large number of studies are indicating that GMs can promote bacterial growth and/or biofilm formation (Hegab et al., 2016 ... Hegab, H.M. ∙ ElMekawy, A. ∙ Zou, L. ... The controversial antibacterial activity of graphene-based materials

In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) synthesized via a bottom-up approach. Due to their tendency to aggregate in aqueous solutions, various surfactants were used as stabilizers. We examined the effects of GNRs in combination with commonly used surfactants—including the cationic CTAB, anionic TWEEN, and non-ionic TRITON—to evaluate their impact on GNR toxicity. A range of GNR-surfactant concentrations was tested against biofilm-forming (Escherichia coli MG1655 and Staphylococcus epidermidis DSM 20044) and non-biofilm-forming (E.