Paw edema is defined as a localized inflammatory response characterized by swelling in the paw, commonly induced by the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1.

The results showed that intraplantar injection of carrageenan led to time-dependent development of peripheral inflammation, which resulted in a significant increase in the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) β, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and also iNOS and COX-2 protein expression in inflamed paw. However, systemic administration of EA (1–30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) could reduce edema in a dose-dependent fashion in inflamed rat paws with ED50 value 8.41 (5.26–14.76) mg/kg.

On study day 0, animals are time dosed at one minute intervals and then injected with carrageenan (1.2% in saline) in the right hind paw at corresponding 1-minute intervals to induce edema.

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3. Pretreatment with the anti-inflammatory drugs indomethacin and dexamethasone reduced both phases of edema in a dose-dependent fashion. 4. The present study shows that carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema constitutes a new and interesting model for the study of the mediators of inflammation and for the screening of new anti-inflammatory drugs.

December 22, 2025 - Typical signs of inflammation include edema, hyperalgesia, and erythema, which develop immediately following the treatment of carrageenan. Generally, animals are injected with a certain concentration (usually 1%) of the irritant substance carrageenan in one hind footpad, usually, half an hour ...

February 13, 2020 - Therapeutic potential of low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) has become evident in various musculoskeletal diseases. We have previously shown that LIUS has an inhibitory effect on local edema in various diseases including the arthritis and brain injury. In this study, we examined whether LIUS can attenuate paw edema formation vis-à-vis vascular permeability and inflammation in rats induced by carrageenan.

Carrageenan-induced paw edema in the rat and mouse

The Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema model provides rapid assessment of a compound’s ability to provide anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.

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May 15, 2001 - Paw swelling, or footpad edema, is a convenient method for assessing inflammatory responses to antigenic challenges and irritants. The protocol described in this unit uses carrageenan as the irritant to induce paw edema.

May 1, 2001 - Paw swelling, or footpad edema, is a convenient method for assessing inflammatory responses to antigenic challenges and irritants. The protocol described in this unit uses carrageenan as the irritant to induce paw edema.

Acute inflammatory response is characterized by an increase in vascular permeability and cellular infiltration leading to oedema formation, as a result of extravasation of fluid and proteins and accumulation of leukocytes at the inflammatory site. Carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema is a widely used test to determine the anti-inflammatory activity, and it has been fully characterized in the past (Di Rosa et al., 1971a, 1971b; 1972, Garcia Leme et al., 1973).

October 6, 2022 - At 1 h after λ-carrageenan-induction, aspirin caused significant reduction of paw edema. Meanwhile, alloferon-1 still showed negligible effect at 1 h after λ-carrageenan treatment. However, after 3 h of λ-carrageenan induction, alloferon-1 significantly reduced the paw edema with a thinner paw and less swelling (P < 0.05).

Carrageenan-induced paw edema refers to a model used in acute inflammation studies, where carrageenan is administered to induce swelling in the paw of mice, allowing for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of various treatments.

In this study, we present a novel method for measuring the volume of pathologically or artificially induced edema. In this model, a liquid column is placed on a balance. When an object is immersed, the liquid applies a force F to attempt its expulsion. Physically, F is the weight (W) of the volume of liquid displaced by that part of the object inserted into the liquid. A balance is used to measure this force (F=W).Therefore, the partial or entire volume of any object, for example, the inflamed hind paw of a rat, can be calculated thus, using the specific gravity of the immersion liquid, at equilibrium mass/specific gravity=volume (V).

September 11, 2023 - Recently, fucoidan derived from different algal sources has been a subject of intensive research [22,23,24,25]. We registered a well-defined anti-inflammatory activity of fucoidan from E. crinita in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema.

July 31, 2025 - Paw edema refers to swelling in an animal's paw, particularly in rats, often induced experimentally to study inflammation and assess anti-inflammatory treatments. Carrageenan is frequently used to induce this swelling. Researchers measure paw diameter over time to quantify the degree of edema ...

Neutrophils readily migrate to ... response is usually quantified by increase in paw size (edema) which is maximal around 5 h postcarrageenan injection (see Fig....

Neutrophils readily migrate to ... response is usually quantified by increase in paw size (edema) which is maximal around 5 h postcarrageenan injection (see Fig....