PubMed Central
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC9331092
5G Electromagnetic Radiation Attenuates Skin Melanogenesis In Vitro by Suppressing ROS Generation - PMC
Recently, the impacts of 5G ... wireless communication. Here, we report that 5G (28 GHz) EMR can attenuate the skin pigmentation in murine melanoma cells (B16F10) and a 3D pigmented human epidermis model (Melanoderm™)....
NYTimes
nytimes.com › 2019 › 07 › 16 › science › 5g-cellphones-wireless-cancer.html
The 5G Health Hazard That Isn’t - The New York Times
April 17, 2021 - Curry looked at studies on how radio waves affect tissues isolated in the lab, and misinterpreted the results as applying to cells deep inside the human body. His analysis failed to recognize the protective effect of human skin. At higher radio frequencies, the skin acts as a barrier, shielding the internal organs, including the brain, from exposure. Human skin blocks the even higher frequencies of sunlight.
Environmental Health Trust
ehtrust.org › home › new paper: 5g radiation = higher absorption into human skin
New Paper: 5G Radiation = Higher Absorption into Human Skin - Environmental Health Trust
June 25, 2025 - A new paper published in IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine evaluated human exposure to radiofrequency for three wireless systems -5G, 4G, and 3.9G and found that 5G’s higher frequencies penetrate into the skin very intensely despite the fact that the depth of penetration is more shallow. The authors state that “the fact that a high-frequency EMF cannot penetrate deep into human skin does not mean that it is not dangerous.”
EMF-Portal
emf-portal.org › en › article › 36385
EMF-Portal | The human skin as a sub-THz receiver - Does 5G pose a danger to it or not?
Betzalel N et al. (2019): Response to the comment of Foster et al. titled "Comments on Betzalel et al. "The human skin as a sub-THz receiver-Does 5G pose a danger to it or not?" [Environ.
PubMed Central
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC12070386
5G-exposed human skin cells do not respond with altered gene expression and methylation profiles - PMC
In the upcoming years, 5G NR FR2 will add on with frequencies of 24.3–27.5 GHz and 39.5–43.3 GHz. The biological effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) are strongly dependent on the frequency. In the range up to 3 GHz the penetration depths into the skin are about 10 mm, in the range from 10 GHz it is 1 mm and less (1).
arXiv
arxiv.org › abs › 2310.09607
[2310.09607] Analysis of the Penetration of 5G Wireless RF-EMF on Human Skin
October 14, 2023 - It analyzes the impact of the penetration level of EMF in human skin at 28GHz using the Specific Absorption Rate metric and discusses the reduction of EMF exposure level of 5G.
Oxford Academic
academic.oup.com › pnasnexus › article › 4 › 5 › pgaf127 › 8124427
5G-exposed human skin cells do not respond with altered gene expression and methylation profiles | PNAS Nexus | Oxford Academic
April 30, 2025 - In the upcoming years, 5G NR FR2 will add on with frequencies of 24.3–27.5 GHz and 39.5–43.3 GHz. The biological effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) are strongly dependent on the frequency. In the range up to 3 GHz the penetration depths into the skin are about 10 mm, in the range from 10 GHz it is 1 mm and less (1).
Nature
nature.com › scientific reports › articles › article
The modeling of the interaction of pulsed 5G/6G signals and the fine structure of human skin | Scientific Reports
August 5, 2025 - However, they considered RF-EMF radiated in the vicinity of the user’s head - the area nearest to the mobile phone’s antenna, especially the palms of the hands20,21,22,23. In addition, no study of this field involves 5G and 6G frequencies greater than 6 GHz. In this research study, we investigate numerically, for the first time, the interaction between the human skin and pulsed sub-THz radiation in frequency bands relevant to the 5G and 6G standards, taking the skin to its fine structure, including its stratified nature, sweat ducts and dermal blood vessels.
PubMed
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › 29459303
The human skin as a sub-THz receiver - Does 5G pose a danger to it or not? - PubMed
In the interaction of microwave radiation and human beings, the skin is traditionally considered as just an absorbing sponge stratum filled with water. In previous works, we showed that this view is flawed when we demonstrated that the coiled portion of the sweat duct in upper skin layer is regarded …
PubMed
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › 33375304
Effects of Electromagnetic Waves with LTE and 5G ...
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Nature
nature.com › scientific reports › articles › article
Effects of 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz radiofrequency field exposures on HSF1, RAS, ERK, and PML activation in live fibroblasts and keratinocytes cells | Scientific Reports
May 23, 2023 - Our study used human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes as cellular models as skin cells will become the primary target tissue of 5G exposure to consider for risk assessment25. These cells were continuously or intermittently (5 min ON/10 min OFF) exposed to the 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz RF-EMF signal at 0.25, 1, and 4 W/kg under isothermal conditions for 24 h before HSF1, RAS, ERK, and PML activities were assessed, thanks to well-worn Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-based molecular probes13,14,26.