2 weeks ago - Aligning with the established biological A/T/N (Amyloid/Tau/Neurodegeneration) framework, the combination of p-tau217, p-tau181, GFAP, NfL, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, and total Tau showed an outstanding accuracy of 93.4% (Chang et al., 2025). Similarly, an expanded A/T/N/I (incorporating inflammation) panel achieved an AUC above 0.90 in diverse diagnostic classification tasks (Huang et al., 2025). High-throughput discovery proteomics studies have shown increased accuracy capacity. A validated panel of 36 proteins differentiated AD from cognitively normal controls with an AUC of 0.94 (Deivasigamani et al., 2025).

Traditional diagnostic approaches, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and neuroimaging are constrained by invasiveness, high costs, and limited accessibility, particularly problematic in aging population where early detection is crucial for effective intervention. This review synthesizes recent advances in blood-based biomarkers for AD, specifically phosphorylated tau proteins (p-tau217, p-tau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and the amyloid-β42/40 ratio.

February 8, 2026 - While p-tau217 alone achieves AUC > 0.93, its integration with Aβ42/Aβ40 (APS2) further enhances accuracy, making it a viable alternative to CSF/PET in clinical practice. Assay standardization and validation in diverse populations are pivotal for widespread adoption. p-tau181: p-tau181. phosphorylated at Thr181, reliably reflects tau pathology with a diagnostic accuracy of AUC = 0.91, effectively distinguishing AD dementia patients from cognitively unimpaired individuals and strongly correlating with cognitive decline and neurodegeneration.

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September 22, 2025 - Dementia and Neurodegenerative Diseases · Volume 16 - 2025 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2025.1668512 ... 2. State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · 3. Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ... Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), such as phosphorylated tau (p-tau181, p-tau217) and amyloid beta (Aβ), have the potential to serve as screening tools for probable AD in the elderly population.

April 9, 2025 - The primary outcome was AD pathology defined as abnormal cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42:p-tau181. Plasma p-tau217 detected AD pathology with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.93–0.96. In secondary care, the accuracies were 89–91%, the positive predictive values 89–95% and the negative predictive values 77–90%. In primary care, the accuracy was 85%, the positive predictive values 82% and the negative predictive values 88%. Accuracy was lower in participants aged ≥80 years (83%), but was unaffected by chronic kidney disease, diabetes, sex, APOE genotype or cognitive stage.

The progression from MCI to dementia is influenced by · multiple interconnected factors, with the strongest risk pre- dictors being genetic markers (APOE ε4), biomarkers (p- tau217, Aβ42/40 ratio), and structural brain changes.

Blood biomarkers represent a major breakthrough in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plasma p-tau217/Aβ42 ratio demonstrates diagnostic accuracy comparable to PET and CSF examinations, leading to FDA approval of the first blood-based AD test in May 2025.

9 hours ago - Plasma P-tau217 blood tests match amyloid PET for early Alzheimer pathology, offering scalable, noninvasive detection and forecasting cognitive decline risk years ahead. ... Blood-based biomarker testing for Alzheimer disease pathology continues ...

2 weeks ago - The researchers highlighted that the findings require further validation across varied populations and that cognitive impairment was assessed inclusively rather than solely for Alzheimer’s disease. In conclusion, while further research is needed, integrating P-tau217 and genetic risk factors could mark a significant shift towards more personalised and early intervention strategies in Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis and treatment, paving the way for better patient outcomes in the future.

December 26, 2025 - Blood-based biomarkers pTau217 and pTau181 are transforming Alzheimer’s diagnosis with accessible, accurate, and scalable testing solutions.

In a sample of very elderly individuals residing in nursing communities and geriatric hospitals, we combined plasma biomarker measurements with cognitive assessments to evaluate whether blood-based biomarkers retain diagnostic value for AD in this age group. The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma biomarkers, including p-tau181, p-tau217, Aβ42, Aβ40, and GFAP, can serve as diagnostic tools for distinguishing AD from normal cognition in very elderly individuals. Data were collected between January and May 2025 from a geriatric hospital and a nursing community.

May 6, 2026 - X axis shows 1-specificity to dementia status as confirmed by clinical diagnosis; Y axis shows sensitivity to dementia status. Grey reference line shows default performance of no discriminative ability. For numerical representation of the performance of the biomarkers, we present Area Under the Curve (AUC) alongside their P values and 95% Confidence Intervals (in square brackets). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Table 1 Performance of the p-tau217 and GFAP capillary biomarkers and pre-specified risk threshold in association with cognition and function (Spearman’s Correlation)

During review of the Lumipulse G pTau217/ß-Amyloid 1-42 Plasma Ratio, the FDA evaluated data from a multi-center clinical study of 499 individual plasma samples from adults who were cognitively impaired.

May 15, 2025 - BBM testing has emerged as a viable alternative, detecting AD pathophysiological hallmarks such as amyloid-beta deposition, tau pathology and neurodegeneration.15 Biomarkers of AD-related pathology can augment a clinical diagnostic evaluation to help stratify patients and differentiate the likelihood of AD from the likelihood of other dementia syndromes that can have overlapping clinical presentations. Key BBMs with potential diagnostic utility include: Plasma amyloid-beta (Aß42/Aß40 ratio): This BBM predicts amyloid plaque burden in the brain.16,17 · Phosphorylated tau (p-tau181, p-tau217): Counterintuitively, this BBM is most strongly associated with amyloid pathology, in addition to having some correlation with tau pathologies.18–20 It may be more predictive of incipient memory loss in presymptomatic patients, but this is unproven, so p-tau is not used in that context yet.

August 21, 2024 - We are also developing the technology’s multiplex detection capabilities to enable the simultaneous detection of multiple AD core biomarkers. In conclusion, we detected Aβ42, Aβ40 and p-tau181 levels in the plasma of AD, MCI and control groups with a high degree of accuracy using this improved digital ELISA technique. Therefore, this technique has the potential to expedite the identification of individuals at risk of dementia, thus contributing to the advancement of AD early screening and clinical drug development for Alzheimer’s disease.

December 18, 2025 - The new study, published online in September, is not the first to demonstrate the accuracy of a plasma p-tau217 test for identifying biological Alzheimer's disease (AD), but most others involved participants with cognitive deficits. Last year, for instance, JAMA Neurology published a study involving 786 people in whom the plasma test of p-tau217 was as accurate as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test and reduced the need for confirmatory testing with PET by approximately 80 percent.

April 15, 2026 - A study suggests that a blood test measuring the biomarker pTau217 can detect early signs of Alzheimer’s disease years before symptoms or signs appear on brain scans. Higher pTau217 levels in cognitively healthy adults were linked to faster buildup of amyloid and tau proteins, as well as future cognitive decline.

Notable examples include p-tau181, p-tau217, and p-tau235. Among these, p-tau217 has emerged as a superior and reliable marker of amyloid positivity and, thus, AD in terms of accuracy of diagnosis and ability for early prognosis. In this narrative review, we aim to elucidate the utility of p-tau217 as an AD marker, exploring its underlying basis, clinical diagnostic potential, and relevance in clinical care and trials. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, biomarkers, tau, p-tau217, clinical utility

May 27, 2025 - In this review, we compare high-throughput mass spectrometry and ultrasensitive immunoassays for quantifying circulating amyloid-β isoforms, phosphorylated tau species (p-tau181, p-tau217), neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), YKL-40 and selected inflammatory markers. Individual biomarkers demonstrate diagnostic accuracies (AUC) up to 0.90, and integrating these protein signatures with APOE ε4 genotype, brief cognitive assessments and neuroimaging via machine-learning models boosts discrimination of preclinical AD from normal aging to over 80% accuracy.