Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is the same species of plant as cannabis. Unlike cannabis, hemp contains very low levels of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Both hemp and cannabis also contain cannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabigerol (CBG), and others.

Herein, 11 cannabinoids were quantified using liquid chromatography with diode-array detection in a non-representative sampling of 147 products labeled as containing hemp or cannabidiol. A subset of 133 products were analyzed for toxic elements using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.

1 week ago - Although chemotype I cannabis and ... phytochemical compositions and uses. Hemp typically has lower concentrations of total THC and may have higher concentrations of cannabidiol (CBD), which potentially mitigates the psychoactive effects of THC....

In the light of all these findings, in this review we explore the effects and the molecular mechanisms of CBD on inflammation and cancer processes, highlighting also the role of minor cannabinoids and noncannabinoids constituents of Δ9-THC deprived hemp. Cannabis sativa L.

Indian hemp contains more than 60 cannabinoids including: cannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinolic acid, cannabigerol, cannabicyclol, and various tetrahydrocannabinol isomers, the most important is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC).

The first biotype is used for narcotic purposes and is therefore defined as the “drug type”. The second biotype has an industrial use (or fiber-type), while the intermediate biotype is mainly used for medical purposes [209]. THC has a toxic effect and is used as a narcotic, whereas CBD is a cannabinoid mainly used in medicine without any major psychoactive effects. THC and CBD are the two major phytochemicals present in C. sativa, although at least 100 cannabinoid phenolic compounds typical of this plant have been found [210]. While in the early 20th century, hemp was widely cultivated for textile purposes [13], and Italy and Russia were the major European producers [103], later concerns about the effects of THC fostered the ban of all types of hemp without distinctions of uses for textile applications from narcotic use.

This review focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of cannabis and cannabinoids, as well as the acute and chronic toxic effects of cannabis use on various body systems. Keywords: Cannabis sativa, marijuana, hemp, cannabinoids, endocannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors, Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), therapeutics, toxicity, abuse

May 7, 2024 - In addition to cannabinoids, the plant contains terpenoids such as β-myrcene, β-caryophyllene, D-limonene, linalool, piperidine, and P-cymene, as well as flavonoids such as quercetin. CBD is nonintoxicating as it does not demonstrate psychoactive activity. However, it exerts several beneficial ...

Hemp flowers and herbage contain valuable phytocannabinoids, which are naturally occurring cannabinoids that are unique to the Cannabis plant [17]. All industrial hemp varieties contain THC, CBD, and other cannabinoids, although the concentrations in some varieties are very low to non-detectable.

To address this research question, it will be more appropriate to systematically analyse toxicity and safety data in a separate review, given the bulk of data and studies that were already included in this paper. There is a growing number of studies conducted on hemp and hemp-derived compounds, representing an increasing interest in this field of research. Most hemp-specific evidence is preliminary with insufficient high quality clinical evidence for any specific therapeutic indications. In addition to cannabinoids, a few non-cannabinoid bioactive compounds including protein hydrolysates and propionamides demonstrated some pharmacological potential which can be further explored.

January 25, 2025 - Evaluating full-spectrum Cannabis sativa extracts is even more complex since whole extracts and isolated phytomolecules do not act in the same way. Given the growing interest in cannabinoid-containing products for human use and the fact that most cannabis treatments utilize entire inflorescence rather than isolated compounds, the current studies aim to evaluate the preclinical safety of a full-spectrum composition (THC, CBD, minor cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids) Cannabis sativa extract (CSE).

January 31, 2025 - This can be confusing because the Cannabis species also includes hemp. While cannabis seeds essentially contain no cannabinoids, cannabinoids are found in higher concentrations in cannabis flowers, leaves, and stalks.

This study aimed to evaluate the individual and combined contributions of cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid phenolics to the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts derived from four C. sativa chemotypes, including a cannabinoid-free variant as a comparison. Ethanolic extracts were obtained from four hemp chemotypes: CBD-rich (CS1), CBG-rich (CS2), CBC-rich (CS3), and cannabinoid-free (CS4).

Cannabis spp. of plants produce a unique class of compounds called cannabinoids. Hemp is a variety of the Cannabis sativa plant species that is grown specifically for the industrial uses of its derived products.1–3 This plant can be refined into a variety of commercial items, including food, and animal feed. C. sativa species leads to both medical cannabis and industrial hemp, and this species contains the psychoactive component Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC); these two plants are two distinct strains with unique phytochemical signatures.1 Hemp has lower concentrations of Δ9-THC, thus limiting its psychoactive effects, and its concentration is regulated in the consumer products where hemp is legal.4,5 The seeds of hemp are rich in unsaturated fats and protein, while containing little to no cholesterol.

Hemp seeds are the seeds of the Cannabis sativa plant. The seeds of the plant do not naturally contain THC or CBD.

Due to its higher content of THC content than other species, C. sativa is the most commonly explored. The categorization of cannabis as either drug-type or nondrug-type is based on THC concentration [25]. Drug-type cannabis with a psychotropic effect (marijuana) contains 1.0–20% THC; the intermediate type contains 0.3–1.0% THC; and the fiber type (hemp), which is found in textiles and food, contains 0.3% THC [26]. Cannabis sativa L.

M.A. Costa, B.M. Fonseca, F. Marques, N.A. Teixeira, G. Correia-da-Silva. The psychoactive compound of Cannabis sativa, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) inhibits the human trophoblast cell turnover. Toxicology. 6 August 2015.

1 week ago - THC, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, has an extremely low toxicity and the amount that can enter the body through the consumption of cannabis plants poses no threat of death.

November 26, 2024 - Hemp is defined as any part of the plant Cannabis sativa L. that contains no more than 0.3% of the intoxicating ingredient Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D-9-THC). Learn all about what makes hemp and cannabis different, what they have in common, ...

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating and generally well-tolerated constituent of cannabis which exhibits potential beneficial properties in a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular disorders. Due to its complex mechanism of action, CBD ...