The ß-asarone content of calamus oils varies with source of the plant. Indian · Acorus calamus from the Jammu area is tetraploid and yields an oil containing approximately 75% ß-asarone; Acorus calamus from Kashmir is hexaploid and yields an oil containing approximately 5% ß-asarone (Vashist ...

calamus-based food products. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for three product classes, herbal infusions, alcoholic beverages, and food supplements. High asarone contents were detected in herbal infusions (total mean 9.13 mg/kg, n = 8) and food supplements (total mean 14.52 mg/kg, n = 6); hence, these food products can highly contribute to human exposure to genotoxic asarone derivatives.

1967). β-Asarone has an oral LD50 ... reported to be 8880 mg/kg bw (Opdyke 1977). Jenner et al. (1964) reported an oral LD50 in rats of 777 mg/kg bw for Jammu calamus oil (containing approximately 75% β-asarone)....

4 weeks ago - The most characteristic constituent of the oil is asarone; concentrations can vary considerably among calamus varieties. The tetraploid variety of A. calamus found in India contains a larger amount of beta-asarone (75% to 96%).

August 30, 2010 - The rhizomes of A. calamus and ... pharmacological activities of the A. calamus rhizome. β-Asarone and α-asarone are the major constituents of calamus oil....

Calamus is an aromatic marsh herb used in some liqueurs, as well as scented beauty products and potpourri. In the United States, calamus is expressly prohibited for food use per the Code of Federal Regulations, but in other countries, it is allowed as long as the beta asarone is kept beneath a certain level.

March 23, 2026 - In human studies, exposure to asarones from the herb Acorus calamus, which contains high concentrations of asarones, caused prolonged vomiting in 7 consumers (Björnstad et al., 2009).

Chemical analysis revealed high β-asarone content (40.75%), reinforcing the need for compositional control due to its known toxicological risks. Risk modelling using the SARA-ICE Model and SCCS parameters established conservative safe concentration limits for topical applications, ranging ...

The North American and European varieties contain little to no beta-asarone, but others contain up to 96%. It also contains chemicals that might reduce pain and help fight infections. People use calamus for asthma, cancer, depression, diabetes, headache, stomach ulcers, and many other conditions, ...

March 31, 2026 - At the same time, such sources also emphasize that many species contain β-asarone and therefore caution is necessary. Importantly: Reliable clinical studies on dosage are largely lacking.

1967). β-Asarone has an oral LD50 ... reported to be 8880 mg/kg bw (Opdyke 1977). Jenner et al. (1964) reported an oral LD50 in rats of 777 mg/kg bw for Jammu calamus oil (containing approximately 75% β-asarone)....

November 25, 2020 - In case of coappearance of propenylic asarone isomers, β-asarone dominates quantitatively, whereas α-asarone occurs in contents of at most 10–15% (Council of Europe, 2008; Keller & Stahl, 1983; Varshney, Song, Ginwal, & Mittal, 2015; Wang et al., 2011; Zuo, Yang, Zhang, & Xia, 2012). Methyleugenol, (Z)-methylisoeugenol, and elemicin are other phenylpropenes which have been detected in the essential oil of A. calamus, too (Ni & Yu, 2013; Rana, Mahar, Pandey, Srivastava, & Rawat, 2013; Satyal et al., 2013).

December 23, 2022 - It was proved that the biphasic solvent system composed of n-hexane/EtOAc/MeOH/water, 9:1:9:1 (v/v/v/v) was capable of the removal of the toxic constituent in the CPC chromatograph operated in the ascending elution mode with 2200 rpm and a flow rate of 5 mL/min. The chromatographic analysis that lasted only 144 min effectively separated β-asarone (purity of 95.5%) and α-asarone (purity of 93.7%) directly from the crude Acorus calamus rhizome EO.

January 8, 2002 - Calamus oil is used in foods such as frozen desserts, yoghurts, cakes, confectionery · and desserts at levels of 0.2, 0.2, 0.3, 0.3 and 3 mg/kg, respectively (Burdock, 1994). This could result in
-asarone levels of 0.014, 0.014, 0.021, 0.021 and 0.21 mg/kg in

In general, A. calamus consists of various phytoconstituents namely glycosides (xanthone), volatile oil, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, lignin, tannins, mucilage, alkaloid and polyphenolic compounds [11, 12]. The two main bioactive aromatic constituents isolated from the rhizomes of A. calamus are alpha (α)-asarone (1,2,4-trimethoxy-5-[(E)-prop-1-enyl] benzene) and beta (β)-asarone (1, 2, 4-trimethoxy-5-[(Z)-prop-1-enyl] benzene).

Acorus calamus L. yields different races depending upon the number of chromosomes in the plant cells and consequently different drug types with varying content of beta-asarone. The phenylpropane derivative proved to be carcinogenic in several animal tests. The diploid drug does not contain traceable …

February 5, 2005 - Alcoholic extracts of the triploid A. calamus were characterized by a higher percentage of β-asarone (11%), which was the main compound, followed by higher percentages of camphene (2.27%), E-β-ocimene (3.28%), camphor (1.54%), calarene (1.42%), ...

January 1, 2003 - The rhizomes and leaf oils of Acorus calamus L. were analysed by GC and GC–MS; 29 and 30 constituents were identified from the rhizome and leaf oils, respectively, comprising 99.7% of each of the oils β-Asarone (83.2%) and α-asarone (9.7%) ...

A metabolite of beta-asarone is the reason Acurus calamus is known in some cultures as a psychedelic. However, not all Acorus calamus contains sufficient quantities of beta-asarone to be effective. Acorus calamus from Nepal typically contains a large amount of beta-asarone.