calamus-based food products. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for three product classes, herbal infusions, alcoholic beverages, and food supplements. High asarone contents were detected in herbal infusions (total mean 9.13 mg/kg, n = 8) and food supplements (total mean 14.52 mg/kg, n = 6); hence, these food products can highly contribute to human exposure to genotoxic asarone derivatives.

The ß-asarone content of calamus oils varies with source of the plant. Indian · Acorus calamus from the Jammu area is tetraploid and yields an oil containing approximately 75% ß-asarone; Acorus calamus from Kashmir is hexaploid and yields an oil containing approximately 5% ß-asarone (Vashist ...

The content increases as the ploidy level of the plant increases. The diploid variety found in North America is free from β-asarone. The triploid variety found in Europe contains 9-13% of β-asarone. The tetraploid variety of A. calamus found in India contains around 75% of β-asarone.

Nevertheless, asarone contents strongly vary depending on several factors such as country of origin, polyploidy and plant materials e.g., roots or leaves [3]. In Indian tetraploid varieties, bA is present at high amounts of up to 95%, whereas aA amounts are on average about 15% [4]. Besides ...

Calamus is an aromatic marsh herb used in some liqueurs, as well as scented beauty products and potpourri. In the United States, calamus is expressly prohibited for food use per the Code of Federal Regulations, but in other countries, it is allowed as long as the beta asarone is kept beneath a certain level.

May 22, 2025 - The most characteristic constituent of the oil is asarone; concentrations can vary considerably among calamus varieties. The tetraploid variety of A. calamus found in India contains a larger amount of beta-asarone (75% to 96%).

1967). β-Asarone has an oral LD50 ... reported to be 8880 mg/kg bw (Opdyke 1977). Jenner et al. (1964) reported an oral LD50 in rats of 777 mg/kg bw for Jammu calamus oil (containing approximately 75% β-asarone)....

adulterated. Calamus is detected in foods by the presence of beta asarone.

December 23, 2022 - It was proved that the biphasic solvent system composed of n-hexane/EtOAc/MeOH/water, 9:1:9:1 (v/v/v/v) was capable of the removal of the toxic constituent in the CPC chromatograph operated in the ascending elution mode with 2200 rpm and a flow rate of 5 mL/min. The chromatographic analysis that lasted only 144 min effectively separated β-asarone (purity of 95.5%) and α-asarone (purity of 93.7%) directly from the crude Acorus calamus rhizome EO.

November 25, 2020 - In case of coappearance of propenylic asarone isomers, β-asarone dominates quantitatively, whereas α-asarone occurs in contents of at most 10–15% (Council of Europe, 2008; Keller & Stahl, 1983; Varshney, Song, Ginwal, & Mittal, 2015; Wang et al., 2011; Zuo, Yang, Zhang, & Xia, 2012). Methyleugenol, (Z)-methylisoeugenol, and elemicin are other phenylpropenes which have been detected in the essential oil of A. calamus, too (Ni & Yu, 2013; Rana, Mahar, Pandey, Srivastava, & Rawat, 2013; Satyal et al., 2013).

The percentage of chemical components varies depending on the part of the plant from which the oil is extracted (Motley 1994). β-Asarone [(Z)-asarone] is the major constituent in the leaves (27.4–45.5%), whereas acorenone is dominant in the rhizomes (20.86%) followed by isocalamendiol (12.75%).

In a chronic feeding study,
-asarone produced a dose-dependent increase in · leiomyosarcomas in the intestine of male rats. The doses tested were high, resulting in · severe toxicity and increased mortality. Similar tumours were found in rats treated · with toxic doses of calamus oil, a dose response effect was not seen but this may have

There are four different types of calamus. Some contain a cancer-causing chemical called beta-asarone. The North American and European varieties contain little to no beta-asarone, but others contain up to 96%. It also contains chemicals that might reduce pain and help fight infections.

Acorus calamus L. yields different races depending upon the number of chromosomes in the plant cells and consequently different drug types with varying content of beta-asarone. The phenylpropane derivative proved to be carcinogenic in several ...

October 31, 2023 - Acorus calamus L., is an aromatic ... disorders. High occurrence of β-asarone in the rhizome of A. calamus limits its usage in medicinal preparations due to its toxic and carcinogenic properties....

August 30, 2010 - The aim of this study was to ... of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes. The major anti-adipogenic component of calamus oil was purified and identified as β-asarone....

November 1, 2009 - To further aid the identification of asarone biotransformation products, a calamus oil preparation was incubated with the fungus Cunninghamella elegans, which is used as a microbial model of mammalian drug metabolism. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis in selected ion monitoring mode, α-asarone was detected in five urine samples at concentrations ranging between ∼ 11 and 1150 µg/L and β-asarone in four of those at ∼ 22–220 µg/L.

Content have collection of issues and volumes in chronological order.

4 weeks ago - The Council of Europe Committee of Experts on Flavouring Substances concluded that β-asarone is clearly carcinogenic and has proposed limits for its concentration in flavorings such as bitters made from Acorus calamus (sweet flag).