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First of all, Greek κάνναβις, κάνναβος has no etymological relationship with קנה־בשׂם. Second, there is no evidence of קנה־בשׂם was a fixed expression. It occurs only in a single context in Exodus 30:23 where בשם and בשמים "spices, fragrances" occur a number of times with other aromatic compounds (such as myrrh and cinnamon). There is a similar expression with a different adjective קנה הטוב in Jeremiah 6:20, where it refers to an aromatic compound (the adjective haṭṭob here is a cognate with Arabic ṭīb "fragrant smell" and ṭayyib "sweet, perfumed" and Akkadian ṭābu "sweet, sweetened" as in sweetened wine) used in the Temple incense, as it is compared to frankincense. So קנה may be modified by a number of different adjectives to distinguish the aromatic or sweet-tasting קנה from other kinds of קנה. The word קנה refers to stalky reeds and rushes (which are grasses or monocots), and otherwise has no connection with flowering eudicots like Cannabaceae. It thus has derivatives referring to products made from reeds (cf. Exodus 25:31, Isaiah 46:6, Ezekiel 40:3, 42:16). The word קנה is not a foreign loanword and goes back to Proto-Semitic with cognates in Ethiopic (such as qanōt "goad"). The normal reading of the text is that קנה־בשׂם is a kind of reed, distinguished from other kind of reeds by its sweet taste or aromatic odor.

Indeed there were ancient loanwords of Scythian kanap "cannabis" (the source of Greek κάνναβις, κάνναβος) in the Near East. These included Assyrian qunnapu, Aramaic qanpɑʾ, and Arabic qinnab. Notice that all of these include a bilabial plosive, which occur in all other loanwords in Greek, Albanian, Armenian, Germanic, Balto-Slavic, and Finno-Ugric. The expected Hebrew form of the loanword would be קנף, not קנה. Note also that all these other Semitic forms of the word lack a final sibilant which is found in Mishnaic קנבוס, which points to the Hebrew word being a recent loan from Greek and not related to the earlier borrowings of kanap into Semitic.

The fact remains that the LXX gives the oldest interpretation of the phrase קנה־בשׂם in Exodus 30:23 as καλάμου εὐώδους (fragrant calamus) and Josephus (Antiquities 3.197) similarly wrote that the priestly ointment was made from myrrh, iris, cinnamon, and calamus. I don't know how accurate this translation is, but it is in the right ballpark as calamus was a reedy and fragrant plant. It was also an ingredient to the Egyptian medicinal compound called kꜣp.t or κυ̑φι in Greek which was used either as a salve or burned as incense in temple worship. The recipes of kyphi in Galen, Plutarch, and Egyptian writings mention sweet flag or calamus as an ingredient, and Israelite preparations may have been influenced by Egyptian ones.

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Probably not. According to everything I've ever heard and every cannabis expert I can find online (ranging from Leafly.com to Marijuana: A History by Martin Booth) marijuana "kush" got its name from the Hindu Kush mountains. It was imported to the US from Afghanistan and got its name from the region. The "Kush" in Hindu Kush is entirely unrelated to Hindi "kush" (ख़ुशी) [this may get confusing]. Where ख़ुशी means happiness, the name of the mountains comes from Persian "kushtan" (کشتن), which means "to kill." The Hindu Kush has been translated as the Hindu Slayer mountains, and supposedly takes its name from the number of Indian slaves who died in transit to Afghanistan and Iran. Kush in the Hindi language actually also comes from Persian. Happiness in Sanskrit (the parent language of modern Hindi) was "Sukha" (सुख), but Hindi ultimately borrowed Persian "xushi" (خوشی), which also means happiness. "Cannabis" itself is also an interesting word. It's incredibly ancient. Modern English ultimately gets it from ancient Greek, but linguists think it is much older. The word "hemp" is probably cognate through some sound changes in the Germanic languages in accordance with Grimm's Law (a linguistic principal). It seems to trace all the way back to the early proto-Indo-European root language. It's one of the words that helps support the hypothesis that Indo-European language originated in the Pontic-Caspian Steppe because cannabis (among many other shared Indo-European words) is native to that region. It may also trace to ancient Semitic languages, like Akkadian, which called hemp "qunnapu" (𒋆𒄣𒌦𒈾𒁍). Alternatively, the borrowing could have gone the other way. "Marijuana" is kind of a mystery word. It originated in Mexican Spanish, and linguists don't really know where it came from. It probably came from an indigenous American language, but which one is still debated. More on reddit.com

According to hemp | Origin and meaning of hemp by Online Etymology Dictionary "it is a very early Germanic borrowing of the same Scythian word that became Greek kannabis" but as fdb mentioned in this thread: Semitic & Germanic similarities Greeks borrowed this word from their eastern neighbors... More on forum.wordreference.com